Copper
About
Copper is a reddish-orange metallic element known for its excellent conductivity and rich history as one of the earliest metals used by humans. In its native form, copper often appears as metallic masses, dendritic formations, or crystalline structures. Major sources of copper include the United States, Chile, and Zambia.
Birthstones & Anniversaries
Copper is not a traditional birthstone but is often associated with vitality, balance, and the zodiac sign Taurus, symbolising harmony and energy flow.
Crystal Healing Energy
The overarching theme of copper is vitality and balance. Copper is believed to amplify energy, enhance communication, and support emotional healing. It is often associated with grounding and conducting energy between physical and spiritual realms. Copper is also thought to aid in clearing blockages, both physical and energetic, making it a popular tool for enhancing the flow of life force energy.
Facts
Historic Use: Copper has been used for over 10,000 years for tools, ornaments, and currency, making it one of the most historically significant metals.
Electrical Conductivity: Copper is one of the best conductors of electricity, making it essential in modern industries.
Patina Formation: Copper develops a green or blue patina over time when exposed to air and moisture, often seen in architecture like the Statue of Liberty.
Associated Minerals: Copper is often found in association with malachite, azurite, and turquoise, all of which are copper-based minerals.
Native Element: Copper is one of the few metals that occurs in its native metallic form in nature, requiring minimal refinement.
Science
Element: Copper
Crystal System: Cubic (when crystallised)
Chemistry: Cu (pure element)
Colour: Reddish-orange, often with green or blue patina from oxidation
Specific Gravity: 8.96
Mohs Hardness: 2.5 to 3
TreatmentsCopper in its natural form is typically untreated, but polished or coated versions may be treated to enhance appearance or prevent tarnishing.
SyntheticsCopper is not synthetically produced for gemmological purposes, but it is often alloyed with other metals to create materials like bronze or brass.
ImitationsCopper’s unique metallic appearance is not often imitated in jewellery, but some base metals or alloys may be used to mimic its look in costume jewellery.
similar materialsBronze: An alloy of copper and tin, often used for decorative purposes but with a darker appearance.
Brass: An alloy of copper and zinc, appearing more yellow than pure copper.