Carnelian
About
Carnelian is a variety of chalcedony, a microcrystalline quartz, known for its pale orange to deep reddish-brown hues. Its rich colour is due to trace amounts of iron. Carnelian has been used in jewellery, amulets, and carvings by ancient civilisations like the Egyptians and Romans. Major sources of carnelian include India, Brazil, and Madagascar.
Birthstones & Anniversaries
Carnelian is not a traditional birthstone but is associated with the zodiac signs Leo and Virgo, symbolising vitality, courage, and creativity.
Crystal Healing Energy
The overarching theme of carnelian is vitality and motivation. Carnelian is thought to inspire courage, enhance creativity, and promote self-confidence. Its warm energy is said to invigorate the mind and body, dispelling fear and doubt while encouraging bold decisions and positive action.
Facts
Historical Use: Carnelian was a favourite of the ancient Egyptians, used to create jewellery and talismans for protection and vitality.
Natural Variations: Carnelian can exhibit banding or mottled patterns due to its microcrystalline structure.
Durable and Versatile: With a Mohs hardness of 6.5 to 7, carnelian is durable enough for everyday wear in jewellery.
Major Sources: The finest carnelian historically came from India, but high-quality material is also found in Brazil and Madagascar.
Science
Mineral: Chalcedony (quartz variety)
Crystal System: Trigonal
Chemistry: SiO₂
Colour: Orange to reddish-brown
Refractive Index: 1.530 to 1.540
Specific Gravity: 2.58 to 2.64
Mohs Hardness: 6.5 to 7
TreatmentsCarnelian is often heat-treated to enhance or deepen its colour. This treatment mimics natural processes, and treated carnelian is widely accepted in the market. Some orange stones sold as carnelian may actually be dyed agate.
SyntheticsSynthetic carnelian is rare, as natural and treated materials are abundant and affordable.
ImitationsDyed agate and glass are the most common materials used to imitate carnelian. These imitations may have more uniform colour and lack the natural banding or variation of genuine carnelian.
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